Question: I was just wondering, can anybody tell me the difference between modem connection speed and carrier speed? When I connect I see:
Carrier 31200
Connect:115200
Answer: Your "connect speed" is the DTE to DCE speed, the speed at which your computer is communicating with the modem. For instance, with an external modem:
The Data Terminating Equipment (computer) is connected via an RS-232 port to the Data Communications (or circuit-terminating) Equipment (modem). The speed of this serial port has been configured via the control ...
Windows 95 and 98 are 32-bit operating systems. Windows 95 had 2 releases - The FAT16 original release and later OSR2 which utilized the FAT32 file system, added personal web server, Active Desktop and several other new features. Windows 98 had 2 releases as well - The original version and Windows 98 Second Edition(SE). Below is an outline of the boot process and the files involved.
POST - Hardware tests
Plug and Play Configuration -Windows 9x is a Plug and Play(PnP) operating system. In order for PnP to work, the BIOS, hardware and operating system must all be PnP compliant.
Master Boot Record - The MBR is located.
IO.SYS - This file loads drivers and executes CONFIG.SYS, MSDOS.SYS and COMMAND.COM
COMMAND.COM - Loads AUTOEXEC.BAT
Windows core files are loaded
WIN.COM - This file begins the loading of Windows 9x system files.
KERNEL32.DLL/KERNEL386.EXE - These files contain the core operating system and is responsible for loading device drivers.
GDI.EXE/GDI32.EXE - These files are responsible for loading the basic GUI or graphical user interface.
WIN.INI - Along with WINFILE.INI and SYSTEM.INI, these files provide backward compatibility with older 16-bit applications and are not required in order for 32-bit applications to run under Windows 9x. Most of the functions of these files are now stored in the registry files.
DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol and provides a solution that automatically assigns IP addresses to computers on a network. When a client is configured to receive an IP address automatically, It will send out a broadcast to the DHCP server requesting an address. The server will then issue a "lease" and assign it to that client. The time period that a lease will last can be specified on the server. Some of the benefits of DHCP include the following:
Prevents users from making up their own IP addresses and duplicate IP addresses.
Prevents incorrect gateway or subnet masks from being entered.
Decreases amount of time spent configuring computers especially in environments where computers get moved around all the time.
Can be helpful in situations where a certain portion of the staff works in the field and doesn't need an address all of the time. Especially handy when IP addresses are scarce.
Disk Operating System(DOS) is a single user single-process operating system that uses a command line interface known as a DOS prompt. Files with .COM, .BAT and .EXE can be executed from the prompt. The following is a list of DOS system files in the order that they are called during the boostrap process:
IO.SYS - Located in the Root and defines basic Input/Output routines for the processor. Is Hidden and Read Only. This IS required for OS start-up. IO.SYS runs MSDOS.SYS, CONFIG.SYS and then COMMAND.COM.
MSDOS.SYS - Located in the Root and defines system file locations. Is Hidden and Read Only. This IS required for OS start-up.
CONFIG.SYS - Located in the Root and automatically loaded by MSDOS.SYS. This loads low level device drivers for hardware and memory drivers such as HIMEM.SYS and EMM386.EXE. Other drivers include ANSI.SYS, DISPLAY.SYS, KEYBOARD.SYS, PRINTER.SYS and DRIVER.SYS which assigns drive letters to floppy drives. CONFIG.SYS is not required for OS Start-up.
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